Kisah Para Rasul 23:30

23:30 When I was informed ¹  there would be a plot ²  against this man, I sent him to you at once, also ordering his accusers to state their charges ³  against him before you.

Kisah Para Rasul 24:1

The Accusations Against Paul

24:1 After five days the high priest Ananias ⁴  came down with some elders and an attorney ⁵  named ⁶  Tertullus, and they ⁷  brought formal charges ⁸  against Paul to the governor.

Kisah Para Rasul 24:10

Paul’s Defense Before Felix

24:10 When the governor gestured for him to speak, Paul replied, “Because I know ⁹  that you have been a judge over this nation for many years, I confidently make my defense. ¹⁰ 

Kisah Para Rasul 24:22

24:22 Then Felix, ¹¹  who understood the facts ¹²  concerning the Way ¹³  more accurately, ¹⁴  adjourned their hearing, ¹⁵  saying, “When Lysias the commanding officer comes down, I will decide your case.” ¹⁶ 

Kisah Para Rasul 24:24-27

Paul Speaks Repeatedly to Felix

24:24 Some days later, when Felix ¹⁷  arrived with his wife Drusilla, ¹⁸  who was Jewish, he sent for Paul and heard him speak ¹⁹  about faith in Christ Jesus. ²⁰  24:25 While Paul ²¹  was discussing ²²  righteousness, self-control, ²³  and the coming judgment, Felix ²⁴  became ²⁵  frightened and said, “Go away for now, and when I have an opportunity, ²⁶  I will send for you.” 24:26 At the same time he was also hoping that Paul would give him money, ²⁷  and for this reason he sent for Paul ²⁸  as often as possible ²⁹  and talked ³⁰  with him. 24:27 After two years ³¹  had passed, Porcius Festus ³²  succeeded Felix, ³³  and because he wanted to do the Jews a favor, Felix left Paul in prison. ³⁴ 

Kisah Para Rasul 25:16

25:16 I answered them ³⁵  that it was not the custom of the Romans to hand over anyone ³⁶  before the accused had met his accusers face to face ³⁷  and had been given ³⁸  an opportunity to make a defense against the accusation. ³⁹ 

[23:30]  ¹ tn Grk “It being revealed to me.” The participle μηνυθείσης (mhnuqeish") has been taken temporally.

[23:30]  ² tn The term translated “plot” here is a different one than the one in Acts 23:16 (see BDAG 368 s.v. ἐπιβουλή).

[23:30]  ³ tn Grk “the things against him.” This could be rendered as “accusations,” “grievances,” or “charges,” but since “ordered his accusers to state their accusations” sounds redundant in English, “charges” was used instead.

[24:1]  ⁴ sn Ananias was in office from a.d. 47-59.

[24:1]  ⁵ tn The term refers to a professional advocate (BDAG 905 s.v. ῥήτωρ).

[24:1]  ⁶ tn Grk “an attorney, a certain Tertullus.”

[24:1]  ⁷ tn Grk “who” (plural). Because in English the relative pronoun “who” could be understood to refer only to the attorney Tertullus and not to the entire group, it has been replaced with the third person plural pronoun “they.” “And” has been supplied to provide the connection to the preceding clause.

[24:1]  ⁸ tn BDAG 326 s.v. ἐμφανίζω 3 has “ἐ. τινὶ κατά τινος bring formal charges against someone…Ac 24:1; 25:2.”

[24:10]  ⁹ tn Grk “knowing.” The participle ἐπιστάμενος (epistamenos) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.

[24:10]  ¹⁰ sn “Because…defense.” Paul also paid an indirect compliment to the governor, implying that he would be fair in his judgment.

[24:22]  ¹¹ sn See the note on Antonius Felix in 23:24.

[24:22]  ¹² tn Grk “the things.”

[24:22]  ¹³ tn That is, concerning Christianity.

[24:22]  ¹⁴ tn BDAG 39 s.v. ἀκριβῶς has “Comp. ἀκριβέστερον more exactly…ἀ. ἐκτίθεσθαι explain more exactly Ac 18:26, cp. 23:15, 20; also more accurately…24:22.” Felix knew more about the Christian movement than what the Jewish leaders had told him.

[24:22]  ¹⁵ tn L&N 56.18 s.v. ἀναβάλλω has “to adjourn a court proceeding until a later time – ‘to adjourn a hearing, to stop a hearing and put it off until later.’…‘then Felix, who was well informed about the Way, adjourned their hearing’ Ac 24:22.”

[24:22]  ¹⁶ tn BDAG 227 s.v. διαγινώσκω 2 states, “to make a judicial decision, decide/hear (a case)…τὰ καθ᾿ ὑμᾶς decide your case Ac 24:22.”

[24:24]  ¹⁷ sn See the note on Antonius Felix in 23:24.

[24:24]  ¹⁸ sn It is possible that Drusilla, being Jewish, was the source of Felix’s knowledge about the new movement called Christianity. The youngest daughter of Herod Agrippa I and sister of Agrippa II, she would have been close to 20 years old at the time. She had married the king of a small region in Syria but divorced him at the age of 16 to marry Felix. This was her second marriage and Felix’s third (Josephus, Ant. 19.9.1 [19.354], 20.7.2 [20.141-144]). As a member of Herod’s family, she probably knew about the Way.

[24:24]  ¹⁹ tn The word “speak” is implied; BDAG 32 s.v. ἀκούω 1.c has “ἤκουσεν αὐτοῦ περὶ τῆς…πίστεως he heard him speak about faith Ac 24:24.”

[24:24]  ²⁰ tn Or “Messiah Jesus”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[24:25]  ²¹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[24:25]  ²² tn Or “speaking about.”

[24:25]  ²³ tn Grk “and self-control.” This καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[24:25]  sn The topic of self-control was appropriate in view of the personal history of both Felix and Drusilla (see the note on “Drusilla” in the previous verse), and might well account for Felix’s anxiety.

[24:25]  ²⁴ sn See the note on Felix in 23:26.

[24:25]  ²⁵ tn Grk “becoming.” The participle γενόμενος (genomenos) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[24:25]  ²⁶ tn Or “when I find time.” BDAG 639 s.v. μεταλαμβάνω 2 has “καιρὸν μ. have an opportunity = find time…Ac 24:25.”

[24:26]  ²⁷ tn Grk “he was hoping that money would be given to him by Paul.” To simplify the translation, the passive construction has been converted to an active one.

[24:26]  sn Would give him money. That is, would offer him a bribe in exchange for his release. Such practices were fairly common among Roman officials of the period (Josephus, Ant. 2.12.3 [2.272-274]).

[24:26]  ²⁸ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[24:26]  ²⁹ tn “As often as possible” reflects the comparative form of the adjective πυκνός (puknos); see BDAG 897 s.v. πυκνός, which has “Neut. of the comp. πυκνότερον as adv. more often, more frequently and in an elative sense very often, quite frequently…also as often as possible…Ac 24:26.”

[24:26]  ³⁰ tn On this term, which could mean “conferred with him,” see BDAG 705 s.v. ὁμιλέω.

[24:27]  ³¹ tn Grk “After a two-year period.”

[24:27]  ³² sn Porcius Festus was the procurator of Palestine who succeeded Felix; neither the beginning nor the end of his rule (at his death) can be determined with certainty, although he appears to have died in office after about two years. Nero recalled Felix in a.d. 57 or 58, and Festus was appointed to his vacant office in a.d. 57, 58, or 59. According to Josephus (Ant. 20.8.9-10 [20.182-188]; J. W. 2.14.1 [2.271-272]), his administration was better than that of his predecessor Felix or his successor Albinus, but Luke in Acts portrays him in a less favorable light: He was willing to sacrifice Paul to court Jewish favor by taking him to Jerusalem for trial (v. 9), regardless of Paul’s guilt or innocence. The one characteristic for which Festus was noted is that he dealt harshly with those who disturbed the peace.

[24:27]  ³³ tn Grk “Felix received as successor Porcius Festus.”

[24:27]  sn See the note on Felix in 23:26.

[24:27]  ³⁴ tn Grk “left Paul imprisoned.”

[24:27]  sn Felix left Paul in prison. Luke makes the point that politics got in the way of justice here; keeping Paul in prison was a political favor to the Jews.

[25:16]  ³⁵ tn Grk “to whom I answered.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) has been replaced with a personal pronoun (“them”) and a new sentence started in the translation at the beginning of v. 16.

[25:16]  sn “I answered them.” In the answer that follows, Festus is portrayed in a more positive light, being sensitive to justice and Roman law.

[25:16]  ³⁶ tn Grk “any man.” This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpos).

[25:16]  ³⁷ tn Or “has met his accusers in person.”

[25:16]  ³⁸ tn Grk “and receives.”

[25:16]  ³⁹ tn Or “indictment” (a legal technical term). BDAG 273-74 s.v. ἔγκλημα 1 states, “legal t.t.…ἀπολογία περὶ τοῦ ἐ. defense against the accusation Ac 25:16.” L&N 56.6 defines ἔγκλημα (enklhma) as “(a technical, legal term) a formal indictment or accusation brought against someone – ‘indictment, accusation, case.’ …‘and might receive an opportunity for a defense against the indictment’ Ac 25:16.”